/ Blog

What Cable Is Used for Low Voltage? A Complete Guide for Home and Business Installations

When planning a new security system, lighting setup, or data network, one of the first questions people ask is, “What cable is used for low voltage?” Choosing the right type of low-voltage cable is essential for safety, performance, and code compliance.

Whether you’re wiring a new office, connecting a doorbell camera, or installing a home theater, this guide will help you understand which cables are best for low-voltage applications and why. Our experienced low voltage wiring contractors in Los Angeles ensure every installation meets industry standards for safety and performance.

What Is Low Voltage?

Low voltage typically refers to any electrical system operating at 50 volts or less, such as:

  • Security cameras and alarm systems
  • Doorbells and access control systems
  • Network cabling (Ethernet / data)
  • Thermostats and smart home devices
  • Landscape or LED lighting
  • Audio / video wiring

These systems use less power and require specialized cables that are safe for transmitting signals without carrying high electrical current.

Common Cable Types Used for Low Voltage

Here are the most common types of low-voltage cables you’ll encounter in both residential and commercial installations:

1. CAT5e and CAT6 Ethernet Cable

Used for: Network connections, IP cameras, VoIP phones, smart devices.

  • Transmits data and power via PoE (Power over Ethernet)
  • Supports Gigabit speeds and high-bandwidth applications
  • Common in both offices and homes
  • CAT6 is recommended for future-proofing your system

2. Coaxial Cable (RG6, RG59)

Used for: CCTV systems, TV antennas, and cable modems.

  • Carries video and radio frequency signals
  • RG6 is preferred for longer distances and modern security cameras
  • Durable and shielded for minimal interference

3. Speaker Wire (14/2, 16/2, 18/2 AWG)

Used for: Home theater systems, intercoms, and public-address setups.

  • Thicker wires (lower gauge numbers) carry better sound quality
  • Often comes in two-conductor or four-conductor varieties

4. Thermostat Wire (18/5, 18/2)

Used for: HVAC systems and smart thermostats.

  • Multi-strand, low-voltage wire designed for temperature control systems
  • Usually color-coded for easy installation

5. Security / Alarm Cable (22/2, 22/4)

Used for: Alarm panels, motion sensors, and door contacts.

  • Available in shielded and unshielded versions
  • Shielded cable helps reduce interference from nearby electrical lines

6. Landscape Lighting Cable (12/2, 14/2)

Used for: Outdoor lighting systems and garden illumination.

  • Rated for direct burial and weather resistance
  • Low-resistance wire for consistent brightness across multiple lights

How to Choose the Right Low-Voltage Cable

When selecting a low-voltage cable, consider these key factors:

  1. Voltage Rating: Always ensure the cable is rated for the system’s voltage.
  2. Current Load: Match wire gauge (AWG) to current draw and cable length.
  3. Environment: Use plenum-rated or outdoor-rated cable for safety and durability.
  4. Distance: Longer runs require thicker cable to prevent voltage drop.
  5. Signal Type: Data, power, audio, and video each have specific cable designs for optimal performance.

When working with these cables, understanding the proper safety equipment for low voltage circuits is essential to prevent accidents and ensure reliability.

Safety and Code Compliance in California

If you’re installing low-voltage systems in California, follow local building and electrical codes (California Electrical Code, Title 24). For commercial work, you’ll often need a C-7 Low Voltage Systems Contractor License.

Always use cables rated for:

  • Plenum or riser use (for indoor installations)
  • Direct burial (for outdoor or underground use)
  • Fire resistance (for compliance with safety standards)

Working with a certified low-voltage professional ensures the system meets all safety and performance standards.

Where Low-Voltage Cables Are Most Commonly Used

Low-voltage cabling plays a crucial role in:

  • Security and CCTV systems – connecting IP cameras and NVRs
  • Smart homes – powering smart thermostats, doorbells, and sensors
  • Offices – enabling structured network cabling and Wi-Fi access points
  • Outdoor spaces – powering LED landscape lighting
  • Audio/visual setups – delivering clear sound and high-quality video signals

Why Professional Installation Matters

While some low-voltage wiring projects look simple, professional installation makes a big difference in reliability and safety. Certified installers:

  • Use proper cable routing and termination techniques
  • Avoid interference and signal loss
  • Label and document each connection
  • Test every cable for performance and compliance

Professional installation also helps prevent costly rework and ensures your system performs at its best for years to come.

Upgrade Your Low-Voltage System Today

If you’re planning a new smart home, network upgrade, or security installation, using the right low-voltage cable is key to success.

Whether you need CAT6 network cabling, coaxial CCTV lines, or speaker wire for a home theater, working with an experienced installer ensures your setup is efficient, code-compliant, and built to last. While these cables are efficient, the distance can affect voltage performance. Learn more in our guide on how far low voltage can travel.

Contact your trusted low-voltage installation experts today to get started on a system that’s safe, reliable, and ready for the future.